虚拟语气与情态动词

2025-05-20|版权声明|我要投稿

虚拟语气与情态动词(7篇)

1.虚拟语气与情态动词 篇一

语法系列复习专题-----情态动词与虚拟语气

一、一般疑问句中几个情态动词的问与答

1. Need I/he/…?

Yes,you/he/…must.(不用need)

2. Must I/ he/…?

No,you/ he/…needn’t/don’t(doesn’t,won’t)have to.(不用mustn’t)

3. May I/ he/…?

No,you/ he/…mustn’t.(少用may not)

4. Could(Can)you…?

Yes,I can (不用could)

5. Shall I/she/ he…?

No,you(she,he)needn’t/can’t/mustn’t

二、情态动词表“推测”

1.can,may,must使用的句式:

1)肯定陈述句中:must表“肯定、必定、一定”意,may/might表“也许,或许”意。

2)否定陈述句中:can’t/couldn’t表“不可能”意,may not/might not表“也许不、可能不”意。

3)疑问句中:只能用can或could,不能用must,may或might。

注意:表推测的could,might并不是指过去时间,而是表示比can,may把握性略小些的情况。

2.对目前状态的推测:

1)must/may/might/can/could+be+表语

例如:She must be a teacher.她肯定是老师。She can’t/couldn’t be a doctor.她肯定不是医生。 He may not/might not be a doctor.他可能不是医生。

2)must/may/might/can/could+一些不能用于进行时的静态动词(如:have,exist,live,like,hate,own,belong to等)

例如:She must have her own car,for she has a lot of money.

That kind of bird may live in the valleys.

3.对目前正在发生的事情进行推测:

句式:must/may/might/can/could+be doing

例如:They must be waiting for us.他们肯定正在等我们。

She may/might be doing her homework.她可能正在做作业。

Can/Could he be playing football?他会正在踢足球吗?

4.对已发生的事情进行推测:

句式:must/may/might/can/could+have done

例如:There’s no lignt in the room. They must have gone to bed./She knows nothing about the film. She can’t/couldn’t have seen it./Can/Could he have been a doctor?/He may/might(not)have been a teacher./They must have been watching TV at nine last night./Can/Could she have stayed in Beijing last year?

注意:will have done句式也可表“肯定/可能已经…”推测意。

例如:He will have learned advanced mathematics,for he knows a lot about it. 他肯定/可能学过高等数学,因为他对此懂得很多。

三、“情态动词+have done”用法

1.should/ought to +have done,意“本应该…”,含有责备或后悔意。

例如:You should have come here a little earlier./I ought to have sent him to school./

2.shouldn’t/oughtn’t to+have done,意“本不应该”,含有责备或后悔意。

例如:You shouldn’t have watered the flower./I oughtn’t to have scolded her for such a small thing.

3.might have done,意“过去可能做”;could have done意“本能够做”,两者都含有委婉批评或遗憾之意,也可表对过去情况的推测。

例如:He might have gone to Nanjing with Professor Wang.last week,but he was ill.上星期他本可以和王教授一起去南京的,可他病了。We could have finished the work ahead of time.我们本来是能够提前完成工作的。

四、情态动词在反意疑问句中的用法

1.“肯定祈使句+附加问句”结构,附加问句常用will/would/won’t you形式。

例如:Stand still,will/would/won’t you?

2.“否定祈使句+附加问句”结构,附加问句常用will/would you形式。

例如:Don’t watch TV,will/would you?

3.Let’s…,shall we? ; Let us…,will/won’t you?

4.含有must句子的反意问句

1)must表示“必须”时,附加部分常用needn’t,也可用mustn’t.例如:He must go with you,needn’t/mustn’t he?

2)mustn’t表“一定不能”时,附加部分用may.例如:She mustn’t leave,may she?

3)must表“一定、想必”推测意时,附加部分主要有下列几种形式:

A.He must be an engineer,isn’t he?They must be writing now,aren’t they?(这类句子问句前部分含“must be…”或“must be doing…”。)

B.She must have a car/live there, doesn’t she?

C.He must have seen the film,hasn’t he?(这类句子问句前部分的谓语为must have done,句子无具体过去时间状语。)

D.He must have seen the film last week,didn’t he?(这类句子问句前面部分的谓语为must have done,句子有具体过去时间状语。)

E.Mother must have been shopping then,wasn’t she?(前面部分谓语为must have been doing。)

5.含有may表推测的句子,其反意问句形式与must表推测的反意问句形式相似。

例如:She may have finished her homework,hasn’t she?

五、几组词语辨析

1.must与have to:must强调说话者的主观看法,have to强调客观需要,表示“不必”意要用needn’t或don’t/didn’t/won’t have to,不能用mustn’t。

2.can/could与be able to:can多用于现在时,也可用于将来时,could只用于过去时,be able to可用于各种时态。表示“过去经过努力而做成(或没做成)”要用was/were(not) able to ,而不用could(not)。例如:He worked hard,but he wasn’t able to pass the exam.

3.will,would,used to:都可表“习惯”意。①will表示不受时间限制的习惯性动作。如:Fish will die out of water./ She’ll sit for hours without saying anything.

②would表示过去习惯性的动作,但不涉及与现在情况的对比。如:He would walk by the river in the morning.注意:would后不能跟表状态动词。例如不能说He would be late for school last year. ③used to表示过去习惯性的动作或状态,但这种习惯现在已不存在了。如:He used to get up early. He used to be late for school.

4.dare与need

六、虚拟语气在if引导的条件句的用法

1)与现在事实相反的结构:

2)与过去事实相反的结构:

3)与将来事实相反的结构:

**当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。例如:

If you had worked hard, you would be very tired.

(从句说的是过去,主句指的是现在.)

5以上句型可以转换成下列形式:

**省略if,用“were, have, should +主语”. 例如:

Were I in school again, I would work harder.

Had you been here earlier, you would have seen him.

Should there be a meeting tomorrow, I would come.

**用介词短语代替条件状语从句:but forwithout.例如:

Without air, there would be on living things.

But for your help, I couldn’t have done it.

七、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法

1.“wish +宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望,汉语可译为“可惜……”. “……就好了”, “悔不该……”, “但愿……”等.

表示现在不能实现的愿望,从句的谓语动词用过去式;表示将来不能实现的愿望用“would(could) +动词原形”;表示过去不能实现的愿望时用“had +过去分词”或“(could)would +have +过去分词”.例如:

I wish it were spring all the year round.

I wish you could go with us.

We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.

2.虚拟语气在动词一个坚持(insist);两个命令(order,demand);三个建议(advise,suggest,propose);四项要求(demand,require,request,ask),等后面的宾语从句中用“(should)+动词原形”.例如:

We suggested that we (should) have a meeting.

We insisted that they (should) go with us.

The doctor ordered that she (should) stay in bed for a few days.

He demanded that we (should) start right away.

**注意:insist作“力言”, “强调”解时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气,只有当insist作 “坚持(认为)”, “坚持(应该)”解时宾语从句才用虚拟语气.例如:

Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything.

又如suggest

3.虚拟语气用于表语从句、同位语从句

作advice, idea, order, demand, plan, proposal, suggestion, request等名词的表语从句和同位语从句,其谓语动词要用虚拟语气的结构“(should)+动词原形”.例如:

We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Beijing for

sightseeing.

My idea is that we (should) exercises first.

4.虚拟语气在 as if(as though)中,引导的表语从句或状语从句中的应用.

如果从句表示的动作发生在过去,用过去完成时,指现在状况,则用过去时,指将来则用过去将来时.例如:

He looked as if he were an artist.

He speaks English so fluently as if he had studied English in England.

Even if he were here,he could not solve the problem.

5.虚拟语气用于主语从句.

在主语从句中,谓语动词的虚拟语气结构用“ should 十动词原形”的结构,表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等.例如:

It is necessary( important,natural,strange,etc) that … we should clean

the room every day.

It was a pity ( a shame,no wonder,etc) that you should be so careless.

It will be desired( suggested,decided,ordered,requested,proposed,etc)

that she should finish her homework this afternoon.

在上述三种主语从句中,should意为“应该”,“竟然”,可以省去,但不可换用would.主句所用动词的时态不限.

注意:这种从句表示的是事实.如果说话人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感,就可用虚拟语气.反之,如果不表示惊奇等情感,that从句也可用陈述语气,例如:

It is a strange that he did not come yesterday.

It is a pity that you can’t swim.

八.几种常见的其他虚拟语气结构

1.虚拟语气用于定语从句

这种从句常用在 It is( high) time( that)…句型中,定语从句的谓语动词用过去式,或 should十动词原形( should不能省略,be用 were)来表示,意为“(现在)该……”。例如:

It is ( high) time we left (should leave).

lt is high time we were going.

2.虚拟语气用于 if only引导的感叹句中,用法同.wish

If only I had taken his advice.

我要是听他的话就好了.

If only I were a bird.我如果是一只鸟就好了.

3.虚拟语气在简单句中的应用

l)情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时,表示说话人谦虚、客气、有礼貌或语气委婉,常出现在日常会话中,例如:

It would be better for you not to stay up too late.

Would you be kind enough to open the door?

2)用于一些习惯表达法中,例如:

Would you like a cup of tea?

I would rather not tell you. You had better go now.

3)用“ may 十动词原形”表示“祝愿”、“但愿”. may须置于句首,例如:May you be happy! May you succeed!

4.would rather-----

责任编辑:李芳芳

2.虚拟语气与情态动词 篇二

汉语的语气词和德语中的情态小品词的具体界定

在汉语体系中, 很多语言学家通常把语气词界定为虚词的范畴, 并将其统称为语气助词。我国的语言学者对这类语气助词的定义也简洁明了, 认为汉语中的语气词常常用在一句话的末尾, 它的主要作用是表示语气, 有的情况下也可以用在句子的主语或者状语的后面。胡裕树先生的定义更加简洁, 认为语气词实际上就是用在一句话里用来表示“一定语气的虚词”。总的来说, 我国不同的语言学家对语气词的定义并没有产生明显的分歧, 他们之间认识上的最大不同点在于, 有的语言学家认为语气词是作为虚词的一个直接分支而存在的, 而另外不同的观点则认为语气词只是汉语虚词大类下词类助词的一种, 所以才称其为语气助词。

综合我国语言学家对语气词的研究来看, 在目前我国的汉语界, 学者普遍倾向于将语气助词从助词大类中分割出来单独成类, 也就是将语气助词统称为语气词。

而德语中的情态小品词就不同于汉语的语气词那样在学者中间有清晰的界定了, 几乎每个研究德语的语言学家都会根据自己的不同理解对情态小品词采用不同的术语来描述它, 有的语言学家称它为“情态品词”, 也有称其为“调味词”的, 还有“句子小品词”、“表达情感小品词”和“交际小品词”等等多种不同的称呼, 但是, 整体来看, 目前在语言学界较为通用的几种叫法分别是情态小品词、句子小品词还有语气小品词, 这三种称呼也是最被人群接受的。相比较于汉语的语气词, 德语情态小品词的概念并没有明确而统一的界定, 从德语语法界来看, 对于小品词的使用就很不统一, 在《杜登语法》当中, 情态小品词被称作了“剩余词类组”, 即除了动词、名词、形容词以及代词等实词之外的词类组。虽然这些“剩余词类组”并没有实际性的意义, 但是它们却承担着句子中任何其他词类所不能比拟的功能用法。可以说, 德语中除这些剩余词类组之外任何词语在句中所不能完成的任务, 剩余词类组都可以代完成。

在德国公开出版发行的《德语语法》中, 并没有将情态小品词划分到各个词类当中, 该书中对于情态小品词的介绍, 仅仅在“句子功能”这一章节中提及到, 并且把这些词语统称作“情态成分”, 也就是通常人们所说的Modalglieder, 在《德语语法》中, 情态小品词是被当作“说明语”的一个子成分而存在的, 并规定它们的主要作用是用来进行陈述、祈使、或者疑问、感叹等具体情感表达, 一般使用了情态小品词的句子表达效果更加丰富, 能够使说话人的主观态度得到更清晰明了的说明。

德语情态小品词的发展过程

“语气小品词”这一明确概念是德国语言学家Weydt最先提出来的。Weydt将语气小品词描述成“不变化的小词”, 并解释道, 这些语气小品词不能够用来回答对话中的具体问题, 它们只是用来表示说话人对所说的事情持有的态度。同时, 这些语气小品词也不能用在句首, 它们只是放在句中用来对整个句子起到一定辅助作用的, 并且如果这些小品词在句子当中的位置或者重读音节发生了变化, 那么它们在此句当中所表达的意义也会随之发生相应的变化, 而变化之后的语气小品词则不再担当它在句中原有的功能, 而是变成其他功能词。但《杜登语法》却对此有不同的说明, 在《杜登语法》中, “小品词”是作为了一个独立成类的词类与介词、副词以及连词等词类相并列而存在, 它不再是不变化的词类总和, 而作为小品词的一种, 情态小品词也被归为小品词的一个子类。发展至此, 情态小品词在德语语法中有了自己的一席之地, 并且从此作为一种独立的词类出现在德语语法中。

所以, 从情态小品词在德语语法中的发展来看, 学者对它的定义与归类经历了一个由浅入深、由模糊到清晰的发展过程。随着德语体系的不断充实与发展, 情态小品词也经历了从“语用转向”到“交际转向”的演变, 并且由于人们对情态小品词的运用范围越来越广泛, 已经有很多的专业德语教材把情态小品词作为一项重要的教学内容应用到德语课堂当中, 并且要求德语语言学习者在学习过程中善于使用情态小品词来增强和丰富自己的语言表达。自此, 情态小品词的语用交际功能开始被更多的人重视和利用。

德语的情态小品词和汉语中的语气词之间的异同分析

虽然汉语和德语是从属于不同的语系, 且二者在运用于表达上有其各自不同的特点, 但是单从两种语言的词汇方面来看, 德语的情态小品词与汉语语气词存在着很多相似点, 特别是有关于表达语气的词汇, 二者有不少相同的地方。比如在汉语语法中, 语气词是不能位于句首的, 这一点用法与德语情态小品词的用法相同, 同时, 汉语语气词和德语情态小品词在句中都可以自由增减而不影响这句话的完整性。除此之外, 情态小品词和汉语语气词之间还有很多相类似的地方。

在语音层面, 德语中的情态小品词和汉语中的语气词常常出现在口语当中, 不管是在德语还是在汉语里, 情态小品词和汉语语气词一般都不会重读, 且有的部分可以连用。例如汉语中的“吃饭了吗?”和德语中的“Was ist denn los?”其中“吗”和“denn”都作为语气词用在了疑问句当中, 它们都不能重读, 但是与汉语不同的是, 德语情态小品词在特殊情况下会出现重读的现象, 一般这样的情况出现在情态小品词用于表示强烈要求和建议, 以及对对方发出一种警告或者威胁时, 比如德语中的“ja”、“nur”、“schon”等。但是一般情况下, 大部分情态小品词都不会重读的, 如果语句中出现了情态小品词重读的现象, 通常它们在意义上已经不再属于情态小品词, 而是具有了其他的功能。

值得注意的是, 在汉语语法中, 语气词常常出现连用和连读的现象, 比如汉语语气词“嘛”就是最基本的语气词“么”与“啊”的连读, “啦”是“了”与“啊”的连读, 这种语用现象在汉语语法中非常常见, 但是与此不同的是, 在德语情态小品词中, 这种连用或者连读的现象却很少, 常用的只有“ja sogar”和“doch mal”等有限的几个, 并且情态小品词也不能像汉语语气词那样可以缩合成一个新的词语。

从形态学层面看, 由于作为分析性语言的汉语词汇没有词形屈折, 缺少形态, 因此不管是何种词类, 都没有词形变化, 当然, 汉语语气词也没有。相比较之下, 德语却在词形变化方面较为繁琐复杂。但是作为小品词一种的情态小品词却没有屈折变化, 这一点与汉语有着相类似的地方。从句法层面比较德语情态小品词与汉语语气词, 二者之间也存在着几点异同。以上对德语情态小品词与汉语语气词进行了比较说明, 相信对于我们学习和使用德语会提供一些方便。

参考文献

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[4]张秋菊.常用德语小品词的意义及用法[J].考试周刊, 2009 (12) .

3.浅谈情态动词的虚拟用法 篇三

—I’m sorry.I shouldn’t have shouted at you the other day.

—Forget it.I was a bit out of control myself.

【解析】“对不起,前几天我不应该朝你大喊大叫的。”“不要放在心上。我自己有点情绪失控。”shouldn’t have done sth.表达的是“本不应该做某事,但已经做了。

情态动词是英语动词中最难把握的一类,也是各种考试中的常考知识点。对于情态动词的考查分布在听力、语法单选、完形填空、改错等题型中,书面表达中如果能正确灵活地运用情态动词,会是一个得分的亮点。命题的热点主要集中在三个方面:基本用法辨析;情态动词表示推测的用法辨析;情态动词在虚拟语气中的运用;而对情态动词的虚拟意义的考查主要是针对“情态动词+have done”。下面我们就来总结一下这种用法,

一.could/may/might havedone:本来可以做到、实际上没做到,经常带有责备或遗憾的意味。

1.You could have passed my examination easily,but you made too many stupid mistakes.

你本来是能轻易通过考试的,但你出了很多愚蠢的错误。(实际上考试不及格)

2.He might have given you more help,even though he was very busy

即便他当时很忙,本来也是可以多给你一些帮助的。(实际上没给你更多的帮助)

二.couldn’t have done本来做不到、实际上做到了。要注意,虚拟意义不能用can。

He couldn’t have passed the exam without your help.

如果没有你的帮助,他本来是不能及格的。(实际上及格了)

【注意】这里的“不可能”并不是表示推测,而是表示能力:不能够及格,及格不了。

三.should或ought to的虚拟意义,包括以下两种情况:

(一)should/ought to have done本来应该做、但实际上没做

1.I told Sally how to get there,but perhaps I should have written it out for her.

我告诉了萨利如何去那里;不过,或许我该给她写出来。(实际上没写出来)

(二)shouldn’t/oughtn’t to have done本来不该做、实际上做了,常带有责备、自责的意味。

2.You oughtn’t to have interrupted the meeting to tell me that; you could have come to tell me afterwards.

你本不应该打断会议跟我说那件事;你本可以事后告诉我。(实际上打断了)

【补充】用于从句中,表示惊讶、奇怪、不快、赞美等感情:竟然、竟会,此时,既可以用完成式should have done,也可以用一般式should do。

3.It’s wonderful that you should have achieved so much in these years.

这些年你竟然能取得如此大的成就,太棒了。(惊讶、赞美)

4.It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, should bring me food.

他们自己很贫穷却给竟然给我带来了食物,我很难过(这里的should bring=should have brought)

四.needn’t have done (通常用于否定句)本不必做、实际上做了

1.There was plenty of time. She needn’t have hurried.时间足够了;她本没必要那么匆忙。

2.We needn’t have bought so much food now that Suzie won’t be with us for dinner.既然Suzie不跟我们一起吃饭,我们本没必要买那么多东西。

五.would have done肯定会,用于虚拟语气的主句中,意思是“(肯定)会做,实际上没做”

1.They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they would have come to our help.

我们做调查的这几个月期间,他们在国外;否则,他们会来帮我们的。(实际上没来帮我们)

2. Had he caught the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.

如果他赶上了早上的火车,他就不会开会迟到了(实际上没赶上,迟到了)。

4.虚拟语气与情态动词 篇四

(Modal verbs)

can: 从客观角度陈述人们都了解的客观事实

●can 表示客观能力, 与先天、后天能力无关。

Birds can fly up into the sky easily.

鸟儿可以轻易地飞到天上去。

Luke can speak Chinese very fluently.

鲁克的汉语说得很流利。

●can表示人人都了解的客观可能性或听话人已知的客观事实。

If you are brave enough, all difficulties can be overcome.

如果你不畏艰险,所有的困难都一定会克服。

Correct ideas can be transformed into a material force that changes the world.

正确的理念一定能够转化为改变世界的物质力量。

I hear that you are going to Thailand. It can be dangerous to be there, I think.

听说你要去泰国,我看到那儿去挺危险的。

may: 表示说听双方均不确切,相当于I am not sure

●推测或了解可能性

The man you are looking for may be in that room.

May I have a talk with you?

He may never succeed without your help.

●基于may自身的不确定性,常置于句首,用来表示祝愿

5.英语情态动词用法 篇五

1) 表示能力(体力、知识、技能)。

Can you lift this heavy box?(体力)

Mary can speak three languages.(知识)

Can you skate?(技能)

此时可用be able to代替。Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式;而be able to则有更多的时态。

I’ll not be able to come this afternoon.

当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to,不能用Can。如:

He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.

2) 表示请求和允许。

-----Can I go now?

----- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.

此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could,

might代替,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉,不能用于肯定句和答语中。

---- Could I come to see you tomorrow?

---- Yes, you can. ( No, I’m afraid not. )

3) 表示客观可能性(客观原因形成的能力)。

They’ve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead.

This hall can hold 500 people at least.

4) 表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度),用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。

Can this be true?

This can’t be done by him.

How can this be true?

二、may, might

1) 表示请求和允许。might比 may语气更委婉,而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can’t

或mustn’t,表示“不可以,禁止”。

----Might/ May I smoke in this room?

---- No, you mustn’t.

---- May/Might I take this book out of the room?

---- Yes, you can. (No, you can’t / mustn’t. )

用May I...?征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气,而用Can I...?在口语中更常见。

2)用于祈使句,表示祝愿。

May you succeed!

3) 表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)。

might不是过去式,它所表示的可能性比may小。

1.He may /might be very busy now.

2.Your mother may /might not know the truth.

三、must, have to

1) 表示必须、必要。

You must come in time.

在回答引出的问句时,如果是否定的,不能用mustn’t(禁止,不准),而用needn’t, don’t have to(不必).

---- Must we hand in our exercise books today?

---- Yes, you must.

---- No, you don’t have to / you needn’t.

2) must是说话人的主观看法, 而have to则强调客观需要。Must只有一般现在时, have to 有更多的时态形式。

1. he play isn’t interesting, I really must go now.

2. I had to work when I was your age.

3) 表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的陈述句)

1. You’re Tom’s good friend, so you must know what he likes best.

2. Your mother must be waiting for you now.

四、dare, need

1) dare作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为dared。

1. How dare you say I’m unfair?

2. He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare he?

3. If we dared not go there that day, we couldn’t get the beautiful flowers.

2) need 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。

1.You needn’t come so early.

2. ---- Need I finish the work today?

---- Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.

3) dare和 need作实义动词用时, 有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中,dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中,dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。

1. I dare to swim across this river.

2. He doesn’t dare (to) answer.

6.历届高考情态动词试题 篇六

1.I was really anxious about you.You ______ home without a word.A.mustn’t leave’t have leftC.couldn’t have leftD.needn’t leave

2.----Is John coming by train?

----He should, but he ________ not.He likes driving his car.A.mustB.canC.need3.A left-luggage office is a place where bags _______ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.A.shouldC.mustD.will

4.----Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there?

----No, it _______ be him-----I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses.’tB.must notC.won’tD.may not

5.You ________ be tired-----you’ve only been working for an hour.A.must notB.won’t’tD.may not

6, I often see lights in that empty house.Do you think I _______ report it to the police?

B.mayC.willD.can

7.Mr.White _________ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t show up.B.should arrive

C.should have had arrivedD.should be arriving

8.----Tom graduated from college at a very young age.----Oh, he ________ have been a very smart boy then.A.couldB.shouldC.might9.----Who is the girl standing over there?

----Well, if you ________ know, her name is Mabel.A.mayB.canD.shall

10.Children under 12 years of age in that country ________ be under adult supervision when in a public library.B.mayC.canD.need

11.“The interest ________ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,” declared the judge.A.mayB.shouldC.must12.----I don’t mind telling you what I know.----You _______.I’m not asking you for it.A.mustn’tB.may notC.can’t’t

13.I _______ pay Tracy a visit, but I’m not sure whether I will have time this Sunday.B.mightC.wouldD.could

14.----I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.----You _________ her last week.A.ought to tellB.would have toldC.must tell15.----Excuse me.Is this the right way to the Summer Palace?

----Sorry, I am not sure.But it _______ be.B.willC.mustD.can

16.----Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.----You _________ have my computer if you don’t take care of it.’tB.might notC.needn’tD.shouldn’t

17.----Mum, I’ve been studying English since 8 o’clock._______ I go out and play with Tom for a while?

----No, I am afraid not.Besides, it’s raining outside now.’tB.Wouldn’tC.May notD.Won’t

18.Tom, you _______ leave all your clothes on the floor like this!

A.wouldn’t’tC.needn’tD.may not

19.John, look at the time.________ you play the piano at such a late hour?

B.CanC.MayD.Need

20.I ________ have been more than six years old when the accident happened.A.shouldn’t’tC.mustn’tD.needn’t

21.He ________ have completed his work;otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the seaside.A.shouldC.wouldn’tD.can’t

22.There _________ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.A.mustn’tB.shan’t’tD.needn’t

23.----I’ve taken someone else’s green sweater by mistake.----It ______ Harry’s.He always wears green.B.will beC.mustn’t beD.has to be

24.He paid for a seat, when he _________ have entered free.B.wouldC.mustD.need

25.----The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.----Oh, dear!She ________a lot of difficulties!

A.may go throughB.might go through

C.ought to have gone through26.The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it _____ be very slow.A.shouldB.mustC.will27.----Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.----Thanks.You ________ it.I could manage it myself.A.needn’t do’t have doneC.mustn’t doD.shouldn’t have done

28.This cake is very sweet.You ________ a lot of sugar in it.A.should putB.could have putC.might put29.----Tom is never late for work.Why is he absent today?

----Something _________ to him.A.must happenB.should have happened

C.could have happened30.----Do you know where David is ? I couldn’t find him anywhere.----Well.He _______ have gone far----his coat’s still here.A.shouldn’tB.mustn’t’tD.wouldn’t

31.----Lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary.----She _________.I’ve already borrowed one.A.can’tB.mustn’t’tD.shouldn’t

32.Helen ________ go on the trip with us, but she isn’t quite sure yet.A.shallB.mustD.can

33.There’s no light on----they ________ be at home.’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.shouldn’t

34.We hope that as many people as possible _________ join us for the picnic tomorrow.A.needB.mustC.should35.----What’s the name?

----Khulaifi.__________ I spell that for you?

B.WouldC.CanD.Might

36.Black holes ________ not be seen directly, so determining the number of them is a tough task.B.shouldC.mustD.need

37.We _________ have proved great adventurers, but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years.A.needn’tC.shouldn’tD.mustn’t

38.----Mr.Gordon asked me to remind you of the meeting this afternoon.Don’t you forget it!----OK, I _________.’tB.don’tC.willD.do

39.The weather turned out to be fine yesterday.I ______the trouble to carry my umbrella with me.A.should have takenB.could have taken

’t have takenD.mustn’t have taken

40.----Could I have a word with you, mum?

----Oh dear, if you ________.A.canC.mayD.should

41.As you worked late yesterday, you ________ have come this morning.’tB.mayn’tC.can’tD.mustn’t

42.If it were not for the fact that she ______ sing, I would invite her to the party.A.couldn’tB.shouldn’t’tD.might not

43.The workers will go on strike if the demands they _________put forward are turned down.A.couldB.wouldD.had

44.----I think I’ll give Bob a ring.----You _______.You haven’t been in touch with him for ages.A.willB.mayC.have to45.----May I smoke here?

----If you ________, choose a seat in the smoking section.A.shouldB.couldC.may46.----Must he come to sign this paper himself?

----Yes, he ________.A.needC.mayD.will

47.Some aspects of a pilot’s job __________ be boring, and pilots often _______ work at inconvenient hours.B.may;canC.have to;mayD.ought to;must

48.----Is Jack on duty today?

----It ______ be him.It’s his turn tomorrow.A.mustn’tB.won’t’tD.needn’t

49.----How’s your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful?

----It ________ be, but it is now heavily polluted.A.willB.wouldD.must

50.In crowded places like airports and railway stations, you ________ take care of your luggage.A.canB.mayD.will

51.----Guess what? I have got A for my term paper.----Great!You ________ read widely and put a lot of work into it.A.mustB.shouldD.should have

52.----She looks very happy.She ________ have passed the exam.----I guess so.It’s not difficult after all.A.shouldB.couldD.might

53.----What do you think we can do for our aged parents?

----You ________ do anything except to be with them and by yourself.’t have toB.oughtn’t toC.mustn’tD.can’t

54.----Turn off the TV, Jack._________ your homework now?

----Mum, just ten more minutes, please.A.Should you be doing’t you be doing

C.Couldn’t you be doingD.Will you be doing

55.My MP4 player isn’t in my bag.Where ______ I have put it?

B.mustC.shouldD.would

56.----My can’s really fat.----You ________ have given her so much food.A.wouldn’tB.couldn’t’tD.mustn’t

57.The biggest problem for most plants, which ________ just get up and run away when threatened, is that animals like to eat them.A.shan’t’tC.needn’tD.mustn’t

58.The teacher ______ have thought Johnson was worth it or she wouldn’t have wasted time on him, I suppose.A.shouldB.canC.would59.----Where is my dictionary ? I remember I put it here yesterday.----You _______ it in the wrong place.A.must putB.should have putC.might put60.----What does the sign over there read?

----“No person _______ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette, cigar or pipe in this area.”

A.willB.mayD.must

7.情态动词考点探析 篇七

一、考查情态动词的基本意义和特殊用法

一些常见情态动词的基本意义以及特殊用法往往是高考考查的重点,考生应确切理解其含义并根据句子意思使用恰当的情态动词。

1. must和need

must表示“必须”的意思,含有说话人主观上的看法和态度;need作情态动词表示“必要,必须”,通常用于否定句和疑问句,不能用于肯定句。

【典例1】I love the weekend,because I_____get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.(2016年北京卷)

解析:neednt。根据句子的因果关系可知,此处表示“不需要”应使用neednt。

【典例2】—Cant you stay a little longer?(2015年北京卷)

—Its getting late.I really_____go now.My daughter is home alone.

解析:must。此处表示个人的主观意愿,意思是“我现在必须要走了”,应使用must。

另外,must用于疑问句,表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩,意思为“偏要,硬要”;而mustnt则表示“禁止,不允许”,是说话人强有力的劝告。

【典例】—_____you interrupt now?Cant you see Im on the phone?

—Sorry Sir,but its urgent.

解析:Must。根据对话的语境可知,此处表示“责备,抱怨”的感情,应使用must,意思是“你一定(非得)要……吗?”。

2.can和could

两者都用来表示能力,意为“能够,会”,也用来表示许可(常用在口语中)或表示怀疑、惊异、不相信等态度(常用于否定句,疑问句或感叹句中)。could表示过去,也可以表示语气的委婉。

【典例1】Itwasreallyannoying;I______get access to the data bank you had recommended.(2016年天津卷)

解析:couldnt。根据句意可知,此处表示“不能”进入数据库,并且前面句子中的动词用的是过去时,故应使用couldnt。

【典例2】Although you_____find bargains in London,its not generally a cheap place to shop.(2014年全国大纲卷)

解析:can。根据句意可知,此处表示“能够”,且后面的句子使用的是一般现在时,故应使用can。

3.shall和should

shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句表示征求对方意见;用于第二、第三人称肯定句或否定句表示说话人给对方的“禁止、命令、警告、允诺或威胁等”。

should用来表示建议、责任、义务时,意为“应该,应当”,此时可用ought to替换;也可用来表示惊讶、赞叹等情绪,意为“竟然”。另外,should还可以表示按常理进行的推测,意为“按理应当”。

【典例1】One of our rules is that every student______wear school uniform while at school.

解析:shall。根据句意可知,此处表示学校的规定,学生在校应穿校服,具有强制、命令的感情色彩,故应使用shall。

【典例2】It was sad to me that they,so poor themselves,______bring me food.(2014年江苏卷)

解析:should。此处表示惊讶,用should,意思是“竟然”。

4.may和might

表示允许、许可以及表示推测时,两者都可用,只是might表示的语气较委婉或推测的语气更弱。

【典例1】You_____feel all the training a waste of time,but Im a hundred percent sure later youll be grateful you did it.(2015年陕西卷)

解析:may。根据句意,此处表示可能性比较大的推测,应使用may,意思是“可能,或许”。

【典例2】Life is unpredictable;even the poorest_____become the richest.(2014年江西卷)

解析:might。此处表示推测,但可能性小,故应使用might。

二、考查情态动词表推测的用法

1. 对现在或将来的推测用“情态动词+动词原形”。

肯定的推测一般用must,may,might。其中,must的语气最强,意为“肯定”“准是”“想必是”;may的语气次之,意为“很可能”,might语气最弱,意为“有时会”“也许”“可能”。

否定推测分为两种情况:语气不很肯定时,常用may/might/could not,意思是“可能不”“也许不”;否定语气较强时,则用cant,意思是“根本不可能”“想必不会”,表示惊异、怀疑的感情色彩。

【典例1】You_____be Carol.You havent changed a bit after all these years.(2015年重庆卷)

解析:must。由后面的“这些年你一点没变”可知,此处表示十分肯定的推测,应使用must。

【典例2】It_____be the postman at the door.It’s only six oclock.

解析:cant。由后面一句“才刚刚六点钟”可反推前面句子中门口的“肯定不是”邮递员,故填cant。

2.对过去发生事情的推测,用“情态动词+have done”。

对过去发生事情的肯定推测用“must/may/might+have done”;否定推测用“can/may/might not+have done”;疑问推测用“Can...have done?”。

【典例1】George______(go)too far.His coffee is still warm.(2016年浙江卷)

解析:cant have gone。由后面的“他的咖啡仍然是温的”可推知“乔治根本不可能走得太远”。此处表示对过去的否定推测应使用cant have done。

【典例2】Jack described his father,who______(be)a brave boy many years ago,as a strong-willed man.

解析:must have been。此处表示对过去的肯定推测,应使用must have done,故填must have been。

【典例3】My MP4 player isnt in my bag.Where______I have put it?

解析:can。此处表示对过去发生事情的疑问推测,应使用“Can...have done?”,故填can。

三、考查“情态动词+have done”表示虚拟的用法

1.“should+have done”表示本应该做某事而实际上没有做。

其否定式表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。

【典例1】—Sorry,Mum!I failed the job interview again.(2015年福建卷)

—Oh,its too bad.You_____have made full preparations.

解析:should。根据对话语境可知,表示对过去发生的事情的后悔遗憾应使用should have done,表示本应该做,而实际未做。

【典例2】I_______have watched that movie—it’ll give me horrible dreams.

解析:shouldnt。表示“本来不应该做而做了某事”用shouldnt have done,故填shouldnt。

2.“would+have done”表示本来愿意做某事而实际上没有做。

其否定式表示本不愿意做而做了。

【典例】People are recycling many things which they______(throw)away in the past.(2014年安徽卷)

解析:would have thrown。表示过去本来会做而没有做的事情,用would have done。

3.“could+have done”表示本来能够做成某事,但结果却没能做成,含有遗憾的意味。

【典例】We______(face)the difficulty together,but why didn’t you tell me?

解析:could have faced。表示对过去本来能够做而未做某事的后悔或遗憾,应使用could have done形式。

4.“neednt+have done”表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事。

【典例】I______have worried before I came to the new school,for my classmates here are very friendly to me.(2015年天津卷)

解析:neednt。表示本没有必要做某事而实际上做了用needn’t have done。

四、巩固练习

(一)单句填空

1.He seldom listens to others.He______answer for what he has done.

2. Mr.Bush is on time for everything.How______it be that he was late for the opening ceremony?

3. Its strange that he______come so late.He is always on time for everything.

4. If you really want yourself to be in good health,you______be always smoking so much.

5.—Nancy______(receive)the letter from her mother.

—No,she can’t have.The postman hasnt come yet.

6.—______I clean the dining room at once?

—Yes,you must.

7.—Where is my English book,mum?

—It______be in Toms room.Last night he was reading it when I came to his room.

8.I tried to call you last week but your dog simply______not let me come through the gate.

9.—Ive prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.

—Do you mean we_____bring anything with us?

10.The boss said to the secretary,“If you work well,you______have a rise.”

11.Can you believe that he______marry such a girl much older than him?

12.—Can I tell my best friend about it?

—No,I dont want anyone else to know it.You_____tell anyone.

13.—She looks very happy.She______have passed the exam.

—I guess so.Its not difficult after all.

14.I still remember my happy childhood when my mother______take me to Disneyland at weekends.

15.______I have a look at your new pen?

16.—What does the sign over there read?

—“No person_______smoke or carry a lighted cigarette,cigar or pipe in this area.”

17.In crowded places like airports and railway stations,you_______take care of your luggage.

18.The weather turned out to be fine yesterday.I______have taken the trouble to carry my umbrella with me.

19.Tom,you______leave all your clothes on the floor like this!

20.What do you mean,there are only ten tickets?There_____be twelve.

21.—What do you think we can do for our aged parents?

—You_______do anything except to be with them and be yourself.

22.John,look at the time._______you play the piano at such a late hour?

23.—______we hand in our exercisebooks now?

—No,you neednt.

24.—May I take this book out of the reading room?

—No,you______.You read it in here.

25.Mark_____have hurried.After driving at top speed,he arrived half an hour early.

(二)语法填空

情态动词考点探析

(一)单句填空

1.shall。用于第三人称肯定句表示说话人给对方的“警告或威胁”,意思是“他应为他所做的事情付出代价”。

2.can。此处表示疑问推测应使用can。

3.should。表示惊讶,意思是“竟然”。

4.mustn’t。mustn’t be doing与always连用,表示“一定不要总是在做……”,含有“埋怨、不满”等感情色彩。

5.must have received。表示对过去发生情况的肯定推测用“must have done”。

6. Must。根据“Yes,you must.”可知,本空应填Must。

7. must。

Tom昨天晚上读过此书,母亲断定书还在他的房间里,应该是对现在的肯定推测。

8. would。would表示“总是,老是”,此处和not连用,意思是“老是不,总是不”。

9. neednt。根据对话的语境可知,此处表示“不需要”带任何东西,故填neednt。

1 0. shall。shall用于第二、第三人称表示“允诺”。

1 1. should。表示吃惊的语气,意思是“竟然”。

1 2. mustnt。

根据答语中“No,I dont want anyone else to know it.”可知应使用mustn’t,表示禁止。

1 3. must。

根据上文“她看起来很高兴”和下文“这次考试毕竟不难”可推知她“肯定”通过了考试。对过去已发生事情的肯定推测用“must have done”。

1 4. would。表示过去经常反复发生的事情,用would,意思是“老是,总是”。

1 5. Can。

can表示允许,再根据句意“我可以看一看你的新钢笔吗?”可知,本空应该填can。

16.shall。告示牌上出现的是表示禁止或警告的提示语,应使用shall。

17.must。此处表示“必须,一定”,应使用must。

18.neednt。由“The weather turned out to be fine yesterday.”可知,昨天没下雨,所以当时根本没必要带伞。表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了应使用“neednt have done”。

19.mustnt。表示强有力的劝告、禁止,用mustnt,意思是“不准”。

20.should。根据上下文语境可知,此处表示“按理应当……”,故使用should表示按常理推测。

21.neednt。根据说话人的语气可知此处表示没有必要的意思。

22.Must。根据句意可知,此处表示对这么晚弹钢琴的一种责备、抱怨。must在此意为“非得,偏要”的意思。

23.Must。must意为“必须”,再根据句意可知本空应该填must。

24.mustnt。英语中在以may,can等表示询问或征求意见的问句中,肯定回答时要用may或can,否定回答时要用mustnt,表示禁止。

25.neednt。根据后面的语境,提前半个小时到达,说明Mark本来不必那么匆忙,所以用neednt have done结构,表示“本来不必要做某事而实际上做了”。

(二)语法填空

【主旨大意】本文为说明文,题材为社会文化类,介绍了“自拍(selfie)”这个词的由来以及自拍流行的原因。

1.was named。本句中缺少谓语动词,所以括号中给出的动词应使用谓语动词形式。根据it和name的被动关系,再结合时间状语in 2013,可知本空应使用一般过去时的被动语态。

2.taken。本句中已有谓语动词is,括号中给出的动词take应使用非谓语动词形式。根据take与其逻辑主语photo之间的被动关系可知,应使用过去分词。

3.using。本句中已有谓语动词take,括号中给出的动词use应使用非谓语动词形式。根据use与其逻辑主语people之间的主动关系可知,应填using表示方式。

4.to。根据固定搭配解题。from…to...是固定搭配,意思是“从……到……”。

5.makes。本句中缺少谓语动词,所以括号中给出的动词make应使用谓语动词形式。本文的主体时态使用了一般现在时,再结合主谓一致,应填谓语动词的单数形式。

6.can。根据句意可知,自拍能够帮助人们记住发生在他们身上的事情,因此填can。

7.which。关系代词which指代先行词a photo of myself,引导非限制性定语从句,并在从句中作save的宾语。

8.personal。空格处所填单词在句中修饰名词life,需填person的形容词形式。

9.to ask。考查too…to...结构,意思是“太……而不能……”。

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